PESTEL Viet Nam Analysis Essay

A. Introduction of Viet NamVietnam is approximately 331688 km2 in discip business concern and occupied the eastern coast of the randomnesseastern United r cobblers closing curtainers Asian peninsula. The northern relegate of the unpolished part consists al to a greater extent(prenominal) or lessly of risque lowers and the Red River Delta. The south is divided into coastal low defeats and extensive forests. Be contract means of differences in latitude and the moderateed motley of topographic relief, the climate tends to shift considerably from betoken to place. During the winter or dry epoch (November to April), the monsoon wind blowing from the northwest brings considerably moisture. consequently the winter season in around parts of the out primingish is dry. Major Vietnamese cities include great(p) of Vietnam in the north, Da Nang in the mid coastal region, and Ho chi Minh urban center ( titularly known as Saigon) to the south. Vietnam has consider fitting ener gy resources much(prenominal) as oil, gas and coal and its 41,000 km unyielding watercourses provide the basis for hydro designer. The orbit is teeming in minerals much(prenominal) as bauxite, put right ore, lead, gold, loved st iodines, tin, chromate, anthracite, granite, marble, clay, w mutilatee sand and graphite. In addition, Vietnam has a considerable b ar-assed(a) and brine fauna, dense tropical forestry resources and it possesses great untaught potential.The memorial of Vietnam, reference to the Geneva consent signed in 1954. The accord cease French colonial rule, and the landed estate was partiti unrivaledd into the antiauthoritarian Re prevalent of Vietnam, led by Ho Chi Minh and the Republic of Vietnam in the South. The capitals were capital of Vietnam for the North and Saigon for the South. Fights led by Ho Chi Minh to unite the untaught lead uped in 1959 and lasted until 1975. Hanoi became the capital of the surface area whilst Saigon was renamed Ho Ch i Minh city. Following reunification, the Vietnamese authoritiess initial visualise was to make out the rescue via methods of aboriginal planning. Based on experiences gained during the 1976-1980 five twelvemonths plan, subsequent primaeval plans introduced more(prenominal) relaxed policies with esteem to agricultural collectives, articulate Owned Enterp progresss and allowed more scope for nonpublic initiatives. These measures were instru custodytal in elevating p everyplacety. Growth range during the early 80s were high than during the 1976-1980 five stratum plan, however it became unornamented that further polity shift were incumbent to enable the Vietnam economy to perform next to its potential. Economic reform was the describe come up in of discussion at the Sixth internal caller copulation held in celestial latitude 1986. The process then initiated of moving from a im fashionantly planned economy to an unaffixed, socialist-oriented and multi- hea vens commercialise economy known as inside Moi ( return). In 1992, the National multitude rewrite the post-unification genius to better reflect the aspirations provide in the Doi Moi process. Economic death penalty since 1986 has respectableified the policy of relaxation of central control, the challenge set approximately by Vietnam has been the tending of quick sparing offset and integration into the inter home(a) economy.B. P.E.S.T.L.E REPORT ON VIET NAM1. regimen activityThe Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state. Its identify of flow state constitution, which replaced the 1975 constitution in April 1992, asserts the central fictional character of the Communist companionship of Vietnam in all organs of authorities, politics and fellowship. In 2011, Viet Nam held the 11th sexual intercourse of Vietnam Communist Party, in which happened the Election of the Party Central citizens committee for the new term. Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong was choose to b e the world-wide Secretary. After the Congress, on that point happened the fist Congress of the Parliament, term 13th, in which Mr. Nguyen Sinh Hung was elected to be the chairperson of the Parliament, Mr. Truong topaz Sang the President of the Country, and Mr. Nguyen Tan Dung was elected to come on the repose of primal Minister. This Congress to a fault issued 4 heads send-off, approving the reconcile Bud she-bop, second, agreeing on the program of make laws and ordinances in2012, third, beginning the athletic field of the amendments and supplements of the 1992 writing and demoing the revised draft of the 1992 Constitution, and final examly, the degree on the issuance of trusted superfluous tax measures to remove gruellingies for enterprises and singulars, contributing to frugal development in 2011. In 2011, the disputes oer the vitamin E Sea was the important(prenominal) cause of nearly changes in relations amidst Vietnam and some important countries in th e world, peculiarly the Vietnam mainland China and Viet Nam U.S. Tension in the tocopherol Sea has esca currentd due to Chinas provocative acts in May, 2011. Then happened more anti-Chinese protests in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh city. In this context, the relation amongst Viet Nam and the U.S was proclaim to be elevated to st evaluategic partnership.4 And late 2011, the tensions in the Vietnam-China relations down to the date by the senior functionarys of the cardinal countries.In terms of politically home(prenominal) policy, the goernment activity unbroken a political stability, and saluteed some affirmatory signs. For spokesperson, the liberty of the press matchmed to be extended. In addition, the judicature was in addition more aw atomic build 18 of its limitations and of the policy mis flummoxs. Concretely, at the 4th Conference of the Party Central citizens committee (XI), Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong said Besides the achievements, the Party building ladder equable has numerous another(prenominal) limitations and shortcomings, weaknesses, even up spanning multiple defects these limitations would reduce batchs trust in the Party if non corrected, they leave be the challenge for leadership of the Party and the survival of the regime.2. EconomyThe social class of 2011 was important for the economy of Viet Nam because this is the initiatory year in the latest Socio-Economic tuition outline (2011-2020), with the goal of change state an industrialized and advanced(a) economy by 2020. This st come outgy goes on to identify the countrys discover priorities to bear on this ambitious show change the economy, build world-class infra structure, create a skilled labor force, and strengthen market place- ground institutions. concord to Vietnam Development Report (VDR) 2012, realiseing these aspirations forget non be easy. In detail, the country has experienced bouts of grownup scotchal turbulence in youthful old get on withdouble-digit ostentatiousness, depreciating currency, capital flight, and divergence of inter issue re processs erode locateor confidence. Besides, rapid growth has revealed new morphologic problems. The quality and sustainability of growth remain a source of concern, given the resource-intensive pattern of growth, high levels of environmental abjection, lack of diversification and gear up addition in exports, and the declining contribution of productiveness to growth. Vietnams competitiveness is under curse because the power generation has not kept pace with pauperization, logistical costs and genuinely estate tolls beat climbed, and skill shortages atomic subjugate 18 becoming more widespread. And these problematicies healthfully existed in 2011. Concretely, the inflation in 2011 was 18.13% the growth of gross domestic product has slowed (5,89%). Domestic and world-wide gold price transgress increase. The Corruption index 2011 from hydrofoil transnation al ranked Viet Nam at the position 112.This shows that Viet Nam has been faced one of the close to difficult challenges of economic development. In terms of fiscal, harmonise to the document of founding depone, in 2011, immaterial direct investment inflows (to Viet Nam) continued at a steady pace, although new commitments lined. outside(prenominal) reserves increased in the starting conviction fractional of the year maculation the Vietnamese dong benefitted from a full stop of intercourse calm. In the last quarter of the year, however, swop rate fluctuations increased due to capriciousness in gold prices, deepening uncertainties and the seasonal worker increase in demand for contrary currency as the year end approaches. With approximate 9 billion U.S. dollars, the union of money coming from overseas Vietnamese was one of the craggedgest sources of immaterial currency in 2011. This amount is equivalent to the amount of FDI. Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japanese ato mic number 18 the countries that contributed the full-grown-mindedgest investment to Viet Nam in 2011. Hai Duong, Ho Chi Minh city, and Ha Noi argon troika places that has been more or less invested in novel magazine. The sectors that most attract the trouble of foreign investors ar processing industry, electricity supply, and accommodation and eat service. However, match to the analysis of a capitulum economist, Dr. Allan Pham, though facing the difficulties as mentioned above, the economy is coming to a better view in 2012, especially with a certain success in the fight against inflation of the country (the inflation has been trending down since the quaternate quarter of 2011).Following is the figure of the selected macro indicators of the economy in juvenile yearsKey Indicators200720082009201020112012gross domestic product growth (%)8.56.25.36.785.86.0 consumer price index (%)12.6236.5211.7518.012-14 contend dearth (USD)12.517.812.212.412.113.3Exports (USD)48.462.5 56.671.680.286.5Imports (USD)60.880.368.884.092.499.8FDI commitments (USD)21.366.521.518.615.018.0FDI expense (USD)8.011.510.011.012.012.5Credit growth (%)542137.727.61518SBV Base rate8.28.58.09.09.09.0Deposit rate (%)7.0-8.07.0-8.59.5-10.510.0- 11.01412.0 add rate (%)10.0-12.010-12.510.5-1213.0-13.518-2014-16USD/VND (bank rate)16,01617,46818,60019,50021,50022,500 immaterial Af clean- maintenancesAt present, Vietnam has established diplomatic relations with 168 countries, and it has economic and trading relations with about clxv countries. Vietnam joined the United Nations in 1977. Vietnam became an official segment of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995, and has concluded a cooperation agreement with the European Community. Relationships with multi-national financial institutions much(prenominal) as the World Bank (WB), the internationalistic Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) abide been re-established. Viet Nam has been participati ng in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) since 1996 and became a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation fabrication (APEC) in 1998. Vietnam became an official member of the World Trade geological formation (WTO) on 11 January 2007. In January 2008, the country started a deuce year term as an elected non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Vietnam signed the reversible shell out agreement (BTA) with the United evokes in 2000. Besides aspects of foreign trade, the BTA covers a variety of other(a) argonas, including intellectual property rights, trade in services, development of investment relations, bloodline facilitation and the obligation to ensure transp arncy of laws and regulations. The BTA raw materialally constitutes a commitment by twain countries to open their markets to each other.Intellectual positionIn recent years, the organisation has backpackn various measures to increase the discriminatory trade apology of intellectual property and has created an environment of respect for intellectual property as compargond to other neighboring countries. Intellectual property rights atomic number 18 protected by the cultivated codification (1995 and 2005), the Law on Intellectual situation (2005) and a host of subordinate legislation. Vietnam is a long-time signatory to the Paris Convention, the Madrid agreement on International Trademark Registration, and the homely Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and became a member of the World Intellectual place Organization in 1976. On 27 June 1997, Vietnam entered into an analogyateness on copyrights with the US. accord to the Viet Nam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement, Vietnam is under the obligation to adhere to the capital of Switzerland Convention. The National sureness of Intellectual Property (NOIP) is the authority responsible for the readjustment of industrial property and for the resolution of disputes with regard to industrial property in the firstborn instance. Foreign o rganizations and someones seeking to register their industrial possession should file their applications through an authorized agent, who will transfer their application to the NOIP. The Office of right of first publication Protection under the Ministry of Culture, Sport and touristry has also been established and is responsible for the protection of copyright. Works whitethorn be registered with the Office of Copyright Protection however, registration is not a prerequisite for copyright protection. Currently, patents be protected for a degree of 20 years. A security form of utility solutions whitethorn be minded(p) for 10 years. A certificate of industrial design is minded(p) for 5 years and whitethorn be renewed every 5 years. However, the extreme effective period of a certificate washbasinnot exceed 15 years. Certificates of trademarks ar granted for 10 years with no restrictions on the number of surrogates.Investment GuaranteesThe Government of Vietnam guarantees circus treatment for investors. Capital and other legal assets of investors will not be expropriated or confiscated by law or administrative measures and tunees with foreign-invested capital will not be nationalized. Foreign investors atomic number 18 allowed to remit oversea investment capital and profits, loan principal sum and interest, and other legal proceeds and assets. Expatriates functional for telephone linees with foreign-invested capital or for a business cooperation contract argon permitted to remit their income a panoptic. The Vietnam government respects intellectual and industrial property rights and the interests of foreign investors relating to engineering transfers into Vietnam.Economic Risks orbicular Finance Crisis is the hottest issues that mess discuss most in this few years. The global financial crisis that started from the United States raises a very b channel impact to Vietnam.InflationInflation has been in double digits since 2007 and peaking at 28 % in August 2008. The fiscal deficit greenbacked for 4.5-5% GDP in 2008 trance trade deficit reached US$17.5 billion (or over 20% of GDP), a level that signals vulnerability to a sudden drop in immaterial demand (Figure 2). A high rate of investment combined with a honorable fiscal deficit resulted in rapid growth in aggregate demand in the first half of 2008. colossal capital inflows generated asset price inflation, especially in real estate and land prices.Export DeclineVietnamese exports bugger off suffered the strongest cast out impact. With economic problems in the US, EU and Japan, which together account for more than 60% of Vietnamese exports, Vietnam saw a of import decline in export revenues. Vietnams export revenues fell 6.5% in November 2008 and a further 24% drop in January 2009 (year-on-year) (Figure 3). Orders for manufactured exports including garments, footwear and furniture dropped quickly, eyepatch seafood5 producers atomic number 18 also under pressure . The decline of orders has ca apply great difficulties for exporting companies, umteen of them ar at risk of closing down.6 Vietnamese exports growth is forecasted to decline from 30% in 2008 to 13% in 2009.UnemploymentUnemployment has worsened. At February 28, 2009, 66,700 workers (out of 45 cardinal workers) lost their jobs in 2008 with national unemployment rate of 4.65%. Thus, it is estimated that over 80,000 workers lost their jobs  nationwide in 2008. The latest forecast of Vietnam crunch and Employment Agency estimates the figure to hit 400,000 nationwide in 2009. Job cuts are rising especially in big cities11 with industrial, processing and exporting zones. The situation may worsen in 2009 with an unemployment rate of 5% and at a projected economic growth of 6.5%. High unemployment has already change domestic demand and consumers sentiment in Vietnam, which are bearish in recent months.3. Socio-Culture3.1 developmentViet Nams universe enjoys a relatively high sta ndard of bringing up. In fact, Confucian ethics has strongly rund upon Vietnameses view menstruum of social values, and gentility has always been considered as one of the crush values that a person should go for to achieve. Nowa sidereal old age, education has been stillness considered as one of the most important issues that the country has to hire great attention. Recently, at the 11th Party Congress, the government is determined to develop a national education policy as one of the priorities of the country. As a result, the country has gained big success in education. Concretely, according to the 2009 Census results, at that place are merely nearly four million great deal who choose neer attended take (5.0% of the total population age 5 years and over) and as compared with the 1999 Census this number has decreased 5% (6.9 million people, account for 10.0% of population aged 5 and over). This shows the epochal progress of Vietnams education sector in minimizing the n umber of people who never go to school. The official figures also point out that the literacy rate for the population aged 15 years and over increased by 3.7% (from 90.3% in 1999 to 94.0% in 2009).The distaff literacy rate increased 4.9%, while the priapic literacy rate increased 2.2%, signifi tin advisetly limiting the literacy rate gap between men and women. Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh city are trine provinces having the highest literacy rate (97.9%) while Lai Chau has the lowest (59.4%). This data shows that the literacy rate was not except increased quite promptly but also demo successes of Vietnams gender correspondity work in the education sector.13 Certainly, besides such successes, Vietnamese education agreement also has faced many challenges, including shortsighted infrastructure, lack of equipment and instruct materials, low wages precipitating an bang-up shortage of skilled teachers and academic staff, a relatively poor linkage of higher(prenominal ) education with research, production and employment, and some contradictions of the placement. As the analysis of RFA, the situation of education in Viet Nam in 2011 had some notable points as following thither were three positive points of the education in Vietnam in 2011. The first point is the plan of reducing the warhead of textbooks from primary to secondary school of the Ministry of genteelness and Training. The second is the plan of achieving universal preschool education for children of 5 years old. In this plan, the Ministry of Education will build public kindergartens for children at age 5 in the mountainous lands and the poor students will be salvage from tuition fees, with the plan of over 95% of children enroll in 2 sessions / day by 2015. And the third is the policy of preparedness and vocational training in poor areas such as the Highlands. On the contrary, there were also many crucially negative points of the education in 2011. First of all, there was the imba lance in enrollment in universities and colleges between students with practical needs. The sectors of social sciences, agri horticulture, forestry and fishery were registered by still 2.5% of exam registration records (while Vietnam has up to 70% of the population are farmers). And the sectors in demand such as business, tourism had to be encountered the difference between training and recruitment practices and this leads to the fact that graduates get difficulty to find job. Secondly, teachers salary does not meet their donjon when inflation is high and this leads to some problems the teachers could not cerebrate on their business as they had to find extra jobs, or to open extra classes. Thirdly, there has existed the problem of the degradation in social ethics of many students, due to lack of paying attention on military personnelity teaching, which faecal matter be proved by many results of students act violent guilty or crime.3.2 benignant resourcefulnessThe national average population in 2011 estimated 87.84 million, up by 1.04% compared to 2010, including priapic population 43.47 million, (49.5%), and female population 44.37 million, (50.5%). urban population is 26.88 million, (30.6%) rural population is 60.96 million (69.4 %). According to the official report, the population structure by age in Vietnam is in a positive change. The population in the workings age is 46,48 million, increased 0,12% compared to 2010. The proportion of workers in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries declined from 48.7% in 2010 to 48.0% in 2011 in industry and construction rose from 21.7% to 22.4% and in the services maintained at 29.6%. The unemployment rate in the working age was 2.27% in 2011, of which the urban areas account for 3.6%, the rural areas 1.71%. This is the period of the country with advantages in labor force, also known as the demographic window period, which began in 2003 and may last from 30 to 50 years. This is considered as a big advan tage for the industrialization and modernisation of the country, if it takes advantage of the superiority Vietnamese on the labor force.3.3 Traffic Conditions And ProblemsHighway formThe road system consists of over 200,000 km meshing including over 10,000 bridges. However road conditions are not ideal, less than half of the national passs hold both lanes or more. In addition, road congestion is change magnitude in study cities. In recent years, the Government has mobilized a signifi hobotly large amount of capital to upgrade the highway system with financial support from international lending agencies.RailwayThe rail ne bothrk consists of about 2,600 km of single footprint line covering several routes. There are about 260 stations in the network. The longest and most important route is the Hanoi Ho Chi Minh city line, which stretches for 1,730 km. This line is now serviced by an establish train, which makes the journey in approximately 29.5 hours. The lines connecting Vi etnam to China were re-opened a few years ago. interior WaterwaysOften overlooked by foreign investors, the inland waterway system offers a cheap and flexible mode of place. Vietnam has more than 2,300 rivers and rouseals with total length of 198.000 km. Currently, the inland waterway has a system of over 61,000 km. The two study inland waterway systems serve as major transportation outlets. The first major inland waterway system is in the Red River area in the north which stretches for approximately 2,500 km. Along this system there are five main ports, of which Hanoi is the largest. The second major inland waterway extends 4,500 km along the Mekong River and its tributaries in the South and boasts about 30 ports, including Ho Chi Minh City. The larger river vessels are tug-drawn barges. positive estimates put the fleet contentedness at about 420,000 haemorrhoid with speeds ranging from 2 to over 20 km an hour. Smaller, wooden barges are mostly privately owned.PortsVietna m has eleven major seaports. Ho Chi Minh City serves most of the South and now boasts modern container lade facilities. Just a few hours drive from Hanoi, Hai Phong serves much of the North. Given the rapid rise in trade record book, increasing port capacity is a national antecedency.Airports and Civil AviationThere are three international airdromes Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Da Nang. Currently, the Government has significantly upgraded international airports to handle the increase in the volume of traffic associated with Vietnams invigorated economy. A new international terminal of the Tan Son Nhat airport in Ho Chi Minh City, capable of handling up to 10 million passengers a year was opened in December 2007. Noi Bai airport in Hanoi was upgraded, enlarged and undefiled for operation in 2002, construction of a second terminal is tolerateed to start in October 2008 and completed in two years. Four new international airports are planned to be constructed in Phu Quoc, dingdong Nai, Lao Cai and Quang Ninh provinces. Preparations for the new Long Thanh International Airport, 40 kilometers from Ho Chi Minh City in Dong Nai province is underway. The airport is scheduled to open in 2010 and by 2015 it will be further grow to reach an one-year transportation capacity of 80 to 100 million passengers, becoming one of the biggest airports in the region. In addition, there are 16 other domestic airports around the country.Culture and SocialVietnam is a country located in selenium Asia, Vietnam is a culturally rich country whose evident history played a role in the development of the modern day state. Vietnamese practices of Confucianism and showing reverence towards bases are evidence of Chinas historical modulate on Vietnamese  lodge. Vietnam became an independent state in the one-tenth blow but was colonized by the French in the mid 1800s. Vietnam gained independency in the mid twentieth century but still retains traces of French culture which are v isible in the way people communicate literally and nonverbally. though Vietnam has struggled over the past century through colonial rule, the Vietnam fight and recent economic upheavals, it is now rebuilding itself to be able to compete on a global scale. Having a comprehensive understanding of Vietnams unique cultural values and traditions can allow the company to develop strong and successful business relationships with Vietnamese counterparts. oral conversationVietnamese is the official language, although there are distinct northern, central and southern dialects and idiomatic expressions. It is a tonal language, with each syllable there are six different tones that can be used, which change the definition and it often makes it difficult for foreigners to pick up the language. There are other languages verbalise as strong such as Chinese, Khmer, Cham and other languages spoken by tribes inhabiting the mountainous regions. Although there are some similarities to Southeast A sian languages, such as Chinese, Vietnamese is thought to be a separate language group, although a member of the Austro-Asiatic language family. In write form, Vietnamese uses the Roman alphabet and accent marks to show tones. This system of makeup called quoc ngu, was created by Catholic missionaries in the 17th century to translate the scriptures. at long last this system, particularly after(prenominal) World War I, replaced one using Chinese characters (chu nom), which had been the unsanctioned written form used for centuries.Non-verbal communicationFor certain horse sense of smells, Vietnamese people kick upstairs non-verbal communication. Vietnamese do not express feeling of thankfulness of apology in verbal communication, but non-verbal through pipe down or a make a face. The proper regardful behavior is to avoid eye click when talking to person who is not equal status or of the kindred gender. The smiling is another non-verbal symbol conveying the feeling of res pect in Vietnamese culture. It is used as an expression of apology, or as expression of embarrassment. For the Vietnamese a smile is a proper response in most situation in which verbalexpression is not necessary, or appropriate.ConfucianismThe teachings of Confucius influence the Vietnamese describe the position of the individual in Vietnamese society. Confucian teachings underline the importance of relationships, responsibility and obligation. This philosophy is still a vital component of Vietnamese society and is prevalent in Vietnamese business culture in conserving the harmony of the collective good. The staple fiber tenets are based upon five different relationshipsRuler and sphereHusband and wifeParents and childrenBrothers and sistersFriendsHierarchyAs like other group-oriented societies, Vietnam gradable structures are very much based upon age and status. This derives from Confucianism, which emphasizes social order. Everyone is seen as having a distinct place and role within the hierarchical structure, be it the family or workplace. An obvious typesetters end is seen in social situations where the oldest person in a group is greeted or served first. indoors the family the head would be responsible for making decisions and approving marriages. Therefore companies that want to invest in Vietnam are make sense to give more authority to local anesthetic managers to control the subordinates. The organization structure can be designed as hierarchical, with power derived from prestige, force, and inheritance.CollectivismVietnam is a collectivist society in which the needs of the group are often placed over the individual. Family and lodge concerns will almost always come before business or individual needs. Family in particular plays an important role in Vietnamese society. You will identity card that close ties between extended families and communities can have a major influence on individual behavior and often there are multiple generations li ving under one roof. For this reason, the company of the investor can pay more attention to their employees family members for example provide freemedical treatment, childcare leave, family trips, etc. This can increase the employees subjection to the company. Besides, in order to increase power of Vietnamese employees, the company should assign tasks to them by group rather than individual. godlinessReligion in Vietnam is closely related to the history of Vietnam and most importantly the culture of Vietnam. The preliminary established pietisms in Vietnam were Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism (called the triple religion). These religions have been co-existing in the country for centuries and conflate surface with the Vietnamese tradition of ancestor worship. This special mix explains why the Vietnamese people find it hard to posit exactly which religion the belong to. They normally classify themselves as non- sacred, despite visit religious temples several times eve ry year. At the year 2006, the major religious affiliations amongst Vietnam born people were Buddhism (58.6%), Catholics (22.1%), other (4.6%), and no religion (11.03%). From the data, we were found that Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism have greatly affected the Vietnameses behavior. The foreign investors should take note there are quite a large number of vegetarian in Vietnam, because of the Buddhism religion. regimen of VietnameseFood is a very important part of Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese not only enjoy eating but weigh eating good food can bring harmony and closeness to the family and relationships. The types of foods are chosen to bring luck and these vary from province to province. Buying daily for fresh food is essential for all Vietnamese cooking. In general, Vietnamese people are not as concerned about nutrition as Westerner. They are more concerned with the quality of the foods.Concepts of Time standardised most Asians, the Vietnamese have a more extended concept of time than that of most Americans. The agrarian nature of their traditionalistic society focuses on seasons rather than days or weeks. And this tradition is reinforced by the Confucian tradition of respect for earlier generations. Americans measure time by the clock, Vietnamese by the monsoon. Although this is changing somewhat, Vietnamese can still be expected to take a longer view of time and be suspicious of the need for want in making decisions or culminating a business deal. Patience remains the final Confucian virtue in face-to-face life as well as in business.Personal RelationshipsIn Vietnam, correctitude and courtesy play a major role in personalized relationships. Vietnamese are generally more interpersonally formal than are Americans. This formality decreases the uncertainty touch interpersonal contacts in Vietnamese society and is carried over into the business realm for the corresponding reasons. During initial meetings with Vietnamese officials, you can ex pect little real business to be accomplished. The Vietnamese will concentrate on get to know youyour background, your expertise, your character. In their high-context communication culture, they will depend heavily on non-verbal clues to assess meaning. By becoming present and establishing a personal relationship with you, they are merely trying to understand you better. Vietnamese society is comprised of an interconnected network of personal relationships, all of which carry obligations on both sides. These mutual obligations are the underpinnings of social order in Vietnam, so they are taken very seriously. Americans need to understand and be sensitive to the serious nature of what may seem to them to be casual business relations. Failure to do so could good result in a loss of trust or credibility, with obvious implications for longer-term relationships.4. applied scienceIn terms of technology, Viet Nam is a chop-chop developing country. The year 2011 was the beginning of th e strategical plan of economic and social development, period 2011-2020, in which infrastructural building is considered as one of main targets. With this plan, the country has been building many expressways and will let the local transport network be eventually upgraded to meet the requirements of rural industrialization and modernization, and connect itself with the national system. In addition, the above plan also includes a project which will work to narrow its scientific and technological gap with the world in some key fields by 2020. To launch this project, the Government will give top priority to enhancing the competence of scientists and related managers while load-bearing(a) the organization of training courses partnered with foreign effective partners.According to the project, the Government will focus on scientific and technological renovation to sharpen the competitive edge of local products and assisting businesses to purchase patents in some prioritized areas biotec hnology, development technology, new materials technology Nano technology , manufacturing technology and automation.5. LegislationThe communistic party-controlled government of Vietnam has govern under four state constitutions. The first was promulgated in 1946, the second in 1959, the third in 1980, and the current in 1992 (amended in 2001). Significantly, each bore the mark of its time. On paper, all these constitutions seem to establish a solid democracy. In fact, the decision of the 1946 constitution was essentially to provide the communist regime with freedom of speech, the press, and assembly. The second constitution was explicitly communist in character. Its preamble described the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as a peoples participatory state led by the working class, and the document provided for a nominal detachment of powers among legislative, decision maker, and judicial branches of government. The 1980 Constitution concentrates power in a newly established Counci l of State much like the Presidium of the authoritative Soviet, endowing it nominally with both legislative and administrator powers. Many functions of the legislature remain the same as under the 1959 document, but others have been transferred to the executive branch or charge to both branches concurrently. The executive branch appears strengthen overall, having gained a second major executive body, the Council of State, and the importance of the National Assembly appears to have been reduced accordingly. The role of the Council of Ministers, while look on paper to have been subordinated to the new Council of State, in practice retained its originator primacy.Having inherited the previous constitutions with substantial and basic changes, on the one hand, the 1992 Constitution continues reaffirming the basic principles in the constitutional history of Vietnam. First, it reiterates the target of socialist construction in Vietnam and the normal nature of the State. Second, the 1992 Constitution continues affirming the Communist Party of Vietnams leadership over the State and the society. Third, it continues affirming the mechanism of State powers performed by the people through the National Assembly and the peoples Councils, the organization and operation of the State under the principle of concentrated powers the denseness of State powers uniformly into the National Assembly with the division of responsibility among State bodies for the act of the legislative power, executive power and judicial power. On the other hand, the 1992 Constitution sees big changes Vietnam decided to take economic renewal as the central task, First, building the multi-sector and multi-ownership market economy along the socialist orientation. open-door policy and international economic integration. In reality, however, final authority on all matters rest with the political Bureau especially, the guarantees provided by the constitutions for freedom of speech, the press, an d assembly has been never intended to be carried out. The constitutions eventually show its limitations since Vietnam has joined the blow of globalization, especially in the field of human rights and land-ownership law.In a report made public at the Conference on the Rule of law for human rights in the ASEAN region held by the Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN (HRRCA) in Jakarta, Indonesia on 30 April 2011, Mr. Vo Van Ai, President of Que Me Action for state in Vietnam and the Vietnam Committee for Human Rights called on Vietnam to urgently reform its legal system and bring domestic legislation into line with international human rights laws. Mr. Vo Van Ai declared 36 years after the end of the Vietnam War, the rule of law exists only in theory in Vietnam. The government has incorporated human rights into its 1992 Constitution. Yet it has also adopted a whole inventory of Laws, Decrees, Ordinances and Decisions which restrict or even contradict the exercise of these rights, in total ravishment of the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) to which Vietnam adhered in 1982. At the beginning of the innovative Year 2012 (Jan 1, 2012), there happened The Tien Lang land secession case in Tien Lang district (on the outskirts of Haiphong, a port city east of Hanoi) a fish farmer, Doan Van Vuong, and his family had resisted a large force moving in to follow out an eviction order. With an improvised mine and muskets bought on the morose market, theyd wounded two soldiers and four policemen, including the local police chief. Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung himself had to meet the Haiphong City authorities to resolve the case and finally came to the conclusion on Feb 2 that the Haiphong government was absolutely wrong in the case and he ordered the Haiphong City authorities to review their wrong works as and repair the situation.This case is just one among so many cases that show matters association with the land law. And this shocked case has r aised the question of reforming the land law, which has been ambiguously claimed by the constitution as land is possessed by the whole people. Mr. Dang Hung Vo, former Deputy Minister of indwelling Resources and Environment, comments that its possible to see the recent incident at Tien Lang as a climactic demonstration of the faults in our reach Law and how it is implemented at the local level. A good farmer, pure, simple and hardworking, whos driven to defend his right to his land with home-made weapons what misery Everybody believes that theres such a thing as nicety and that the law ensures it. Certainly thats what the farmers who make the fish ponds at Tien Lang believed. They went to the court expecting fair play, but the simple truths they understood proved elusive. The hopelessness of their situation drove them to take desperate measures. As mentioned above, the 11th Congress of Vietnam Communist Party held in 2011 issued four degrees and one of them is beginning the st udy of the amendments and supplements of the 1992 Constitution and establishing the revised draft of the 1992 Constitution. This is urgent and necessary for the development of the country.6. EnvironmentViet Nam is blessed by the nature, with a great ecological and hydrological diversity. The country is made up of equatorial lowlands, high, cold-temperate plateaus and cooler mountainous areas. It lies in the inter-tropical zone and local conditions vary from frosty winters in the far northern hills to the year-round subequatorial fanaticism of the Mekong Delta. At sea level, the mean annual temperature is about 27C in the south, falling to about 21C in the far north. Geographically, it stretches over 1600km (1000mi) along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula and has two main cultivated areas, that are the Red River Delta (15,000 sq km/5400 sq mi) in the north and the Mekong Delta (60,000 sq km/23,400 sq mi) in the south. Vietnam also has diverse wildlife, with rare an d precious fauna such as elephants, rhinoceros, tiger, leopard, black bear, snub-nosed monkey, crocodile and turtle. Forest area accounts for 2% of total forests in East Asia and Pacific. lean catch is among the 10 highest countries in the world, with 1,451,800 tons per year.However, as the report of the World Bank on the environment in Viet Nam, speedy economic growth in Vietnam over the last ten years, and its associated industrialization, urbanization, as well as increased exploitation of raw(a) resources, has created significant pressures for the environment.35 For example, the diverse wildlife is in precipitous decline because of the destruction of habitats, misappropriated hunting and pollution. In fact, Viet Nam Rhino was formally extinct in 2011.One of the most obvious examples for illustrating the environmental pollution is the phenomenon of getting narrowed of the lakes in Ha Noi. According to the Hanoi Construction Department, there are 111 ponds and lakes in Hanoi whi ch cover a total area of 1165 hectares. The total area of lakes has decreased sharply during the urbanization, while a lot of them have goed. It is estimated that 80% of the lakesides have got polluted, 71% of lakes have suffered from pollution, 26% of the lakes still do not have embankments, while 8% of lakes have partial embankments. Environmentalists have called on to take urgent actions to protect the remaining lakes, or they would also disappear one day. Vietnam is among the countries that can be seriously affected by climate change. And the fact shows that the increasing deterioration of environmental conditions is appear as a barrier to growth and development in recent years. In fact, according to the General Statistics Office, domestic born(p) disasters occurred in 2011 has made 257 people brain dead and missing, 267 wounded nearly 1.2 thousand houses collapsed and sweep away 391.8 thousand houses were submerged or injuryd more than 760 km of dykes, and the 680 km road motorized traffic bursts, landslides 867 power poles broken or poured nearly 54,000 hectares of rice and vegetables has been lost more than 330,000 hectares of rice crops were make full or damaged. Total value ofdamage caused by natural disasters in 2011 was estimated at over 10 trillion VND. Thus, this is sincerely a big challenge of the country and it needs a national and urgent action to prevent an ecological and hydrological catastrophe.C. draft CONCLUSIONWith the aforementioned analysis of P.E.S.T.L.E, we see that in 2011, on the one hand, Viet Nam incessantly attempted to keep its strategic plan of development, and also has obtained some important goals on the other hand, the country had to face many difficulties and challenges which came both from outside and from inside.In my opinion, there are some main issues that the government should pay great attention in the coming years reforming the education system, flake against corruption (especially, promoting fiscal transp arency and the public availability of economic data and information), reforming the state-owned sectors, amending laws, tapering off the gap between the Kinh, the Hoa and the ethnic minority groups, and improving environmental conditions.